Optimizing Capacity Management and Visitor Flow Control An Operational Efficiency Study at Sikidang Crater

Abstract

Optimizing operational efficiency and ensuring safety margins in nature-based tourism destinations remain critical mandates for destination management organizations, particularly within active geothermal zones. This study evaluates the capacity management practices and visitor flow control mechanisms at Sikidang Crater, a prominent volcanic geotourism asset in Wonosobo Regency, Indonesia. Adopting a qualitative descriptive research design grounded in operations management theory, data were gathered through purposive sampling and analyzed using thematic triangulation, incorporating semi-structured interviews with internal management stakeholders and external service providers, direct field observations during peak congestion windows, and documentary analysis of administrative records. The empirical findings reveal that spatial congestion at Sikidang Crater is highly localized, characterized by severe structural bottlenecks at primary touchpoints—such as the main vent barrier and central boardwalk platforms—where pedestrian density exceeds safe operational thresholds. Furthermore, a significant administrative gap exists between theoretical carrying capacity models and on-the-ground enforcement due to a complete deficit of real-time digital monitoring loops and an over-reliance on a rigid physical forced-loop layout that exacerbates crowding during demand surges. This operational rigidity increases emergency evacuation risks and degrades overall service delivery value. This paper provides practical managerial recommendations, advocating for immediate infrastructural modifications, the decoupling of commercial layouts from flow pathways, and the integration of digital demand-flattening strategies, including dynamic gate control and hourly staggered reservation frameworks to foster resilient, high-performing service environments.